瓜德羅普
(overseas department of France)
國歌
當地時間
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Guadeloupe 瓜德羅普 (overseas department of France) |
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當地時間 | 簡介 地理 人口 政治 經濟 通訊 交通 軍事 跨國事件 | |
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| Guadeloupe | Introduction | Top of Page |
| Background: | 位於加勒比海小安的列斯群島中部。東瀕大西洋，西臨加勒比海，西北為瓜德羅普海峽，南是多米尼加海峽。屬熱帶雨林氣候，平均氣溫26C。1493年哥倫布到達該島，16世紀由西班牙統治。1635年法國殖民者佔領該島。後幾度被英國奪得。 1815年又重新處於法國的統治之下。 Guadeloupe has been a French possession since 1635. The island of Saint-Martin is divided with the Netherlands (whose southern portion is named Sint Maarten and is part of the Netherlands Antilles). |
| Guadeloupe | Geography | Top of Page |
| Location: | 位於加勒比海小安的列斯群島中部。
Caribbean, islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico |
| Geographic coordinates: | 16 15 N, 61 35 W |
| Map references: | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Area: | 面積: 1780平方公里。
total: 1,780 sq km |
| Area - comparative: | 10 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Land boundaries: | total: 10.2 km border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km |
| Coastline: | 306 km |
| Maritime claims: | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Climate: | 屬熱帶雨林氣候，平均氣溫26°C。
subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity |
| Terrain: | Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin |
| Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Caribbean
Sea 0 m highest point: Soufriere 1,467 m |
| Natural resources: | cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism |
| Land use: | arable land: 14% permanent crops: 4% permanent pastures: 14% forests and woodland: 39% other: 29% (1993 est.) |
| Irrigated land: | 30 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Natural hazards: | hurricanes (June to October); Soufriere is an active volcano |
| Environment - current issues: | NA |
| Guadeloupe | People | Top of Page |
| Population: | 人口: 419500人（1995年中官方估計）。
431,170 (July 2001 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 24.99%
(male 55,030; female 52,722) 15-64 years: 66.22% (male 141,294; female 144,232) 65 years and over: 8.79% (male 15,901; female 21,991) (2001 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | 1.07% (2001 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 1995年出生率為1.69％。
16.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Death rate: | 1995年死亡率為0.59％。
6.02 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | -0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | 9.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 77.16
years male: 74.01 years female: 80.48 years (2001 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 1.93 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | NA% |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA |
| Nationality: | noun: Guadeloupian(s)
adjective: Guadeloupe |
| Ethnic groups: | 77％為黑白混血人，10％為黑人，10％為歐洲人與美洲印第安人混血人種。
black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5% |
| Religions: | 大多數居民信奉天主教。
Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 4%, Protestant 1% |
| Languages: | 法語為官方語言，通用克里奧爾語。
French (official) 99%, Creole patois |
| Education:
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[教育]教育體制與法國相同，公立學校對6歲－16歲的學生實行免費義務教育。1996年統計，共有40所中學、10所職業學校、10所技校、1所農業學校和一所師範學院。1995/96學年度，大學在校生人數為15810人。1997年開設瓜德羅普學院。 |
| Literacy: | definition: age 15 and
over can read and write total population: 90% male: 90% female: 90% (1982 est.) |
| Guadeloupe | Government | Top of Page |
| Country name: | 瓜德羅普 法國海外省 conventional long form:
Department of Guadeloupe |
| Dependency status: | overseas department of France |
| Politics: | 政治: 歷史上，右翼和中間黨派的政治勢力較大，長期掌握行政權。但近幾年來遇到了左翼黨派的挑戰。 |
| Government type: | [政府]法國委任的省長為最高行政負責人。政府由省長、兩議會議長、經濟和社會委員會主席及在法國議會中的衆議員和參議員組成。經濟和社會委員會主席為蓋伊·弗雷德里克（Guy Frederic）。
NA |
| Capital: | 首府: 巴斯特爾,人口14003人（1990年統計）。
Basse-Terre |
| Administrative divisions: | none (overseas department of France) |
| Independence: | none (overseas department of France) |
| National holiday: | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) |
| Constitution: | 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) |
| Legal system: | French legal system |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | [司法機構]有一高級法院，兩個中級法院和四個初級法院。高級法院院長比·巴口（B. Bacou）。檢察長米·津何特（M. Zirnhelt）。
chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by
Prefect Jean FEDINI (since NA 1996) |
| Legislative branch: |
[議會]分省議會和地方議會，均由普選產生，任期六年。省議會有42個議席，由左派控制，議長馬塞蘭·盧貝斯（Marcellin Lubeth）。地方議會有41席，議長盧塞特·米育·謝弗里（Lucette Michaux-Chevry）。 瓜德羅普在法國國民議會中有四名議員，分別為歐內斯特·穆圖沙梅（Ernest Moutousamy），利奧·安迪(Leo Andy )，菲利夫·喬萊特(Philiph Chaulet )和丹尼爾·馬辛(Daniel Marsin)，在參議院中有兩名參議員，分別為多米尼克·拉雷弗拉和盧塞特·米育·謝弗里。 unicameral General Council or
Conseil General (42 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
six-year terms) and the unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (41
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) |
| Judicial branch: | Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique |
| Political parties and leaders: | 省長: 讓·費迪尼（Jean Fedini)。
[政黨]主要有：（1）瓜德羅普社會黨聯盟（Federation
Guadeloupeenne du Parti Socialiste）：在同法國社會黨保持合作的情況下，於1987年宣佈成為自主的政黨。第一書記喬治斯·路易瑟（Georges Louisor)。
分為兩派，在1992、1993年大選中角逐。多米尼克·拉雷弗拉為反對派領袖。 Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Christian CELESTE]; Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Aldo BLAISE]; Socialist Party or PS [Georges LOUISOR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Marcel ESDRAS] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG; General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G; General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG; Movement for Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI |
| International organization participation: | FZ, WCL, WFTU |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | none (overseas department of France) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | none (overseas department of France) |
| Flag description: | three horizontal bands, a narrow green band (top), a wide red band, and a narrow green band; the green bands are separated from the red band by two narrow white stripes; a gold five-pointed star is centered in the red band toward the hoist side; the flag of France is used for official occasions |
| Guadeloupe | Economy | Top of Page |
| Economy - overview: | 經濟: 以農業、旅遊業和輕工業為主。其發展主要依靠法國援助。1989年遭風災後，法國提供20億法郎幫助重建經濟，到九十年代初，瓜經濟已得到恢復並有新的發展。 國內生產總值（1995年）：38.77億美元。 人均國內生產總值（1995年）：9145美元。 國內生產總值增長率（1990－1995年）:－0.1％。 通貨膨脹率（1995年）：2％。 [財政] 1990年財政預算收入24.94億法郎，支出47.76億法郎。1993年預算赤字為8億法郎。 [旅遊業]瓜德羅普是著名的旅遊勝地。旅遊業是重要的經濟部門，就業人員佔就業總人數的9％。1988年起超過制糖業，成為第一產業。1995年接待旅遊者64萬人次，旅遊收入達4.58億美元。 The economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It also depends on France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a key industry, with most tourists from the US; an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditional sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, and flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, mainly from France. Light industry features sugar and rum production. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the young. Hurricanes periodically devastate the economy. |
| GDP: | purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (1997 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate: | NA% |
| GDP - per capita: | purchasing power parity - $9,000 (1997 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 15% industry: 17% services: 68% (1997 est.) |
| Population below poverty line: | NA% |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | NA |
| Labor force: | 125,900 (1997) |
| Labor force - by occupation: | NA |
| Unemployment rate: | 失業率（1993年3月）：26.1％。
27.8% (1998) |
| Budget: | revenues: $225 million
expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996) |
| Industries: | [工業]以制糖、釀酒、食品和加工業等為主。1992年工業產值佔國內生產總值的15.1％。1990年從業人員佔勞動人口的20.1％。1996年產原糖48896噸，水泥283000噸，1995年發電10.14億度。
construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism |
| Industrial production growth rate: | NA% |
| Electricity - production: | 1.3 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source: | fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Electricity - consumption: | 1.209 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Agriculture - products: | [農業] 1992年農、林、漁業產值佔國內生產總值的6.7％。1997年就業人數佔就業總人數的4.1％。主要農作物是甘蔗和香蕉。1994年香蕉出口佔出口總額的21．8％。
據國際糧農組織估計，1997年產甘蔗62.5萬噸，香蕉8.7萬噸，甘薯0.5萬噸，木薯0.8萬噸，蔬菜2.5萬噸，瓜0.4萬噸，菠蘿0.7萬噸。 1997年牲畜存欄數：牛8萬頭，豬1.5萬頭，羊6.6萬隻。 1996年捕魚9570噸。 bananas, sugarcane, tropical fruits and vegetables; cattle, pigs, goats |
| Exports: | 1994年出口1．523億美元。
$140 million (f.o.b., 1997) |
| Exports - commodities: | 主要出口香蕉、蔗糖、朗姆酒和船隻等。
bananas, sugar, rum |
| Exports - partners: | 主要貿易夥伴是法國，佔，出口總額的75．5％（1994年）；此外還有美國和馬提尼克等。1994年出口1．523億美元，貿易逆差為13.869億美元。
France 60%, Martinique 18%, US 4% (1997) |
| Imports: | 1994年進口15．392億美元貿易逆差為13.869億美元。
$1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1997) |
| Imports - commodities: | 主要進口食品、機械和交通工具以及日用品等。
foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials |
| Imports - partners: | 主要貿易夥伴是法國，佔進口總額的66．7％（1994年）；此外還有美國和馬提尼克等。1994年進口15．392億美元貿易逆差為13.869億美元。
France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands Antilles 2% (1997) |
| Debt - external: | $NA |
| Economic aid - recipient: | $NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies |
| Currency: | 貨幣名稱：法國法郎；1法郎＝100生丁。
French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) |
| Currency code: | FRF; EUR |
| Exchange rates: | 匯率：（1996年平均數）：1美元＝5.115法郎。
Euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) |
| Fiscal year: | calendar year |
| Guadeloupe | Communications | Top of Page |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 1995年有電話機15.9萬部。
171,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | NA |
| Telephone system: | general assessment:
domestic facilities inadequate domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique |
| Newspaper: | [新聞出版]有出版物近十種。《法屬安的列斯群島報》，唯一的法文版日報，發行量25000份。此外還有《瓜德羅普2000報》，發行量4000份；《亞卡塔報》，發行量6000份；《競技報》，發行量6000份；《社會進步報》，周刊，發行量5000份。 有法國海外廣播和電視臺，每天24小時播出。 |
| Radio broadcast stations: | 有法國海外廣播，每天24小時播出。此外還有安的列斯廣播電臺、加勒比國際廣播電臺、聖馬丁廣播電臺和30家私人調頻廣播電臺。
AM 1, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios: | 1995年有收音機9.8萬部。
113,000 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 有法國電視臺，每天24小時播出。
5 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997) |
| Televisions: | 1995年有電視機11.4萬台。
118,000 (1997) |
| Internet country code: | .gp |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 3 (2000) |
| Internet users: | 4,000 (2000) |
| Guadeloupe | Transportation | Top of Page |
| Railways: | 無鐵路。
total: NA km; privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines |
| Highways: | 無鐵路，公路較發達。 公路：1990年總長2069公里。1993年有小汽車101600輛，商業車37500輛。
total: 2,560 km |
| Waterways: | none |
| Ports and harbors: | 水運：皮特爾角為主要港口，最近在巴斯特爾建成一新港。1995年裝貨34.9萬噸，卸貨228.5萬噸。
Basse-Terre, Gustavia (on Saint Barthelemy), Marigot, Pointe-a-Pitre |
| Merchant marine: | total: 1 ship (1,000
GRT or over) totaling 1,240 GRT/109 DWT ships by type: passenger 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports: | 空運：有一現代化國際機場。另有三個小機場。有通往法國巴黎、安提瓜、多米尼克、荷屬安的列斯和聖馬丁的航班。1990年客運量1466100人，貨運量13500噸。
9 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways: | total: 8 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Guadeloupe | Military | Top of Page |
| Military branches: | [國防] 1998年8月1日，法在安的列斯駐軍5000人，總部設在馬提尼克的法蘭西堡。
French Forces, Gendarmerie |
| Military - note: | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Guadeloupe | Transnational Issues | Top of Page |
| Disputes - international: | none |